As a civil engineer, I know in college time making excellent and better learning projects is extremely important to earn good marks and also improve civil engineering skills.
Concrete Paver Block is highly usable materials in residents and roads also but modern problems required modern solutions so here we provide my friend college engineering project report on Composite Materials Bituminous And Concrete Paver Block.
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Civil Engineering Project Report on Concrete Paver Block
Abstract of Composite Materials Bituminous And Concrete Paver Block project report. You can also download the project report PDF file from below
Abstract for Concrete Paver Block Project
Solid unreinforced pre-cast blocks are versatile, aesthetically attractive, functional, cost-effective and require little or no maintenance if correctly manufactured and placed. Paver blocks can be used for different traffic categories i.e. Non-traffic, Light traffic, Medium-traffic, Heavy-traffic and Very heavy traffic. The paving block is a very common and popular method of hard landscaping that is suitable for various applications including driveways, paths, public utility areas, garages, forecourts and roads etc. After the useful life of paver blocks, demolished ones can be used as recycling aggregate conveniently. In routine life, we also show bituminous and concrete roads. Both roads are now seen everywhere. Some problems with both these roads are also found. Both of these roads are expensive too. It‟s Construction time duration also more than the paver block pavements. But Paver Block Roads are not fully successful. It‟s not more suitable for high-speed roads and less frictional surface. Some benefits of paver block pavements are easily repairable, Less maintenance required, and also economical. So we try to composite materials bituminous and concrete in the shape of a paver block. This report shows that the composition design of paver block and its benefits to use as the pavement with replacing with concrete and bituminous roads. This study investigated the design of composite pavement structures composed of a flexible layer (top-most layer) over a rigid base. Composite pavements, when compared to traditional flexible or rigid pavements, have the potential to become a cost-effective alternative because they may provide better levels of performance, both structurally and functionally, than the traditional flexible and rigid pavement designs.
Index of Project Report
LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………………………………… I
LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………………….. II
1. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………………. 1
1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………… 1
1.1.1 PAVER BLOCKS ………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.1.2 BITUMINOUS ROAD ………………………………………………………….. 5
1.1.3 CONCRETE PAVEMENT………………………………………………………. 8
1.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION ……………………………………………………………… 11
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES ……………………………………………………………… 12
1.4 SWOC ………………………………………………………………………………….. 12
2. LITERATURE REVIEW ………………………………………………………………….. 13
3 . MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY …………………………………………………. 17
3.1 SHAPE OF BLOCKS …………………………………………………………………. 18
3.1.1 SUGGESTED DESIGN PROCEDURE ……………………………………….. 18
3.1.2 LIGHTLY TRAFFICKED PAVEMENTS…………………………………….. 18
3.1.3 BLOCK PAVEMENTS SUBJECTED TO COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC……. 18
3.2 GRADE DESIGNATION OF CONCRETE PAVER BLOCKS …………………… 19
3.2.1 MATERIALS USED IN CONCRETE PAVER BLOCK ……………………. 20
3.2.2 WATER ABSORPTION ……………………………………………………….. 23
3.2.3 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH …………………………………………………. 23
3.3 BITUMINOUS SURFACE ……………………………………………………………. 24
3.3.1 REQUIREMENTS OF BITUMEN …………………………………………….. 24
3.3.2 TESTS ON BITUMEN …………………………………………………………. 24
3.4 COMPOSITE BOTH THE MATERIALS ……………………………………………. 24
3.5 PREPARATION OF BLOCK ………………………………………………………. 27
3.5.1 MIXING CONCRETE ………………………………………………………….. 27
3.5.2 PREPARE MOULD OF PAVER BLOCK SHAPE …………………………. 27
Also Check: Civil Engineering Best 50+ Project Ideas
3.5.3 PLACING CONCRETE ………………………………………………………… 27
3.5.4 COMPACTION ………………………………………………………………….. 28
3.5.5 CURING OF CONCRETE …………………………………………………………………………. 28
3.5.6 PREPARED CONCRETE BLOCK ……………………………………………. 28
3.5.7 BITUMINOUS AGGREGATE MIXING ……………………………………… 29
3.5.8 PLACING MIX BITUMINOUS ON PREPARED PAVER BLOCK ……….. 29
3.5.9 COMPACTION OF CONCRETE………………………………………………………………….. 30
3.6 TESTING ………………………………………………………………………………… 31
3.6.1 PREPARATION OF SUBGRADE ……………………………………………. 31
3.6.2 BASE AND SUB-BASE COURSE ……………………………………………. 31
3.6.3 PLACING AND SCREEDING OF BEDDING SAND ………………………. 31
3.6.4 INTERLOCK …………………………………………………………………….. 32
3.6.5 TYPICAL PAVEMENT SECTIONS ………………………………………….. 33
3.6.6 LAYING OF BLOCKS …………………………………………………………. 33
3.6.7 ESTABLISHING THE LAYING PATTERN …………………………………. 34
3.6.8 JOINT FILLING …………………………………………………………………. 35
3.6.2 JOINTS …………………………………………………………………………… 35
4 .DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT ……………………………………………………….. 39
4.1 COMPARISON OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE BLOCK …………………………………………………………………………………. 39
4.1.1 TEST METHODS ………………………………………………………………. 39
4.1.2 DATA ANALYSIS ……………………………………………………………… 41
4.1.3 BLOCK PAVEMENTS SUBJECTED TO COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC……. 18
4.2 SPLITTING TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE …………………………….. 42
4.2.1 TEST SPECIMENS ……………………………………………………………… 42
4.2.2 APPARATUS ……………………………………………………………………. 42
4.2.3 CALCULATION ………………………………………………………………… 44
4.3 MATERIALS CALCULATION ……………………………………………………… 45
5. CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………………………. 48
APPENDIX A : REFERENCES …………………………………………………………….. 49
APPENDIX B : DESIGN ENGINEERING CANVAS …………………………………… 50
APPENDIX C : BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS (BMC) ……………………………….. 54
APPENDIX D :PLAGIARISM CHECK CERTIFICATE ……………………………….. 56
APPENDIX E :RESEARCH PAPER (Comment if you want research paper for this topic) ……………………………………………………….. 57
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. 3.1 RECOMMENDED GRADES OF PAVER BLOCKS FOR DIFFERENT TRAFFIC CATEGORIES …………………………………………………… 19
TABLE NO. 3.2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH REQUIREMENT OF CONCRETE PAVER BLOCK.. ……………………………………………………………………. 23
TABLE NO. 4.1 PERCENTAGE OF STRENGTH …………………………………………… 40
TABLE NO. 4.2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE FOR M25 GRADE CONCRETE TEST RESULT (Create Mix deisgn of Concrete with excel)……………………………………………… 41
TABLE NO. 4.3 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF COMPOSITE OF CONCRETE AND BITUMINOUS FOR M25 GRADE CONCRETE TEST RESULT ………. 41
TABLE NO. 4.4 SPLITTING TENSILE OF CONCRETE FOR M25 GRADE CONCRETE TEST RESULT ………………………………………………………………. 44
TABLE NO. 4.5 SPLITTING TENSILE OF COMPOSITE OF CONCRETE AND BITUMINOUS FOR M25 GRADE CONCRETE TEST RESULT ………. 45
TABLE NO. 4.6 ABSTRACT SHEET FOR PAVER BLOCK ……………………………….. 47
LIST OF FIGURES
FIG NO. 1.1. SOME TYPICAL SHAPES OF INTERLOCKING BLOCKS…………………3
FIG NO. 1.2. SOME TYPICAL SHAPES OF VERTICALLY INTERLOCKING BLOCKS 3
FIG NO. 1.3. CATEGORY OF BLOCK ……………………………………………………… 4
FIG NO. 1.4. STRETCHER BOND OR RUNNING BOND ……………………………….. 4
FIG NO. 1.5 HERRINGBONE BOND ……………………………………………………….. 4
FIG NO. 1.6 BASKET WEAVE OR PARQUET BOND ………………………………….. 5
FIG NO. 1.7 BITUMINOUS CROSS SECTION ROAD …………………………………… 6
FIG NO. 1.8 CONCRETE PAVEMENT ……………………………………………………… 8
FIG NO. 1.9 UN REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS …………………………….. 9
FIG NO. 1.10 REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT ………………………………….. 10
FIG NO. 1.11 CONTINUOUS REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT ……………….. 10
FIG NO. 3.1 METHODOLOGY FLOW CHART ……………………………………………. 17
FIG NO. 3.2 GRADE OPC CEMENT ………………………………………………………… 21
FIG NO. 3.3. RIVER SAND …………………………………………………………………… 21
FIG NO. 3.4 10 MM COARSE AGGREGATE ……………………………………………… 22
FIG NO. 3.5 TYPICAL CROSS-SECTIONS OF COMPOSITE PAVEMENTS ………….. 25
FIG NO. 3.6 HAND MIXING PROCESS…………………………………………………………. 26
FIG NO. 3.7 MACHINE MIXING PROCESS …………………………………………………….. 27
FIG NO. 3.8 PAVER BLOCK MOULD ………………………………………………………….. 27
FIG NO. 3.9 MECHANICAL COMPACTION …………………………………………………….. 28
FIG NO. 3.10 CONCRETE BLOCK ………………………………………………………….. 29
FIG NO. 3.11 PLACING MIX BITUMINOUS ON PREPARED PAVER BLOCK ………….. 30
FIG NO. 3.12 COMPOSITION DESIGN OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS OF BITUMINOUS AND CONCRETE PAVER BLOCK ………………………………………. 30
FIG NO. 3.13 DESIGN COMPOSITE MATERIALS OF BITUMINOUS AND CONCRETE PAVER BLOCK ……………………………………………………………… 30
FIG NO. 3.14 THE THREE TYPES OF INTERLOCK. VERTICAL, ROTATIONAL, AND HORIZONTAL ………………………………………………………………… 32
FIG NO. 3.15 RECOMMENDED LAYING PATTERNS FOR VEHICULAR TRAFFIC….. 32
FIG NO. 3.16 TYPICAL CROSS-SECTIONS FOR INTERLOCKING CONCRETE PAVEMENTS …………………………………………………………………… 33
FIG NO. 3.17 CROSS SECTION OF PAVER BLOCK PAVEMENT …………………….. 33
FIG NO. 3.18 STARTING AT IRREGULAR SHAPED EDGE RESTRAINT ……………. 34
FIG NO. 3.19 THE LAYING PATTERN …………………………………………………….. 34
FIG NO. 3.20 JOINT FILLING ……………………………………………………………….. 35
FIG NO. 3.21 TO PREVENT LOSS OF BEDDING SAND AT THE EDGE OF CURB …… 35
FIG NO. 3.22 DETAIL FOR SIDEWALK AND CURB……………………………………… 36
FIG NO. 3.23 POOR DESIGN ACCESS COVER COLLAR ………………………………… 36
FIG NO. 3.24 A CONCRETE COLLAR AROUND A UTILITY COVER CREATES A BETTER VISUAL AS WELL AS ELIMINATING SETTLEMENT AND CRACKING …………………………………………………………………….. 37
FIG NO. 3.25 POOR CONNECTION BETWEEN BITUMINOUS ROAD AND PAVER PAVEMENT …………………………………………………………………… 37
FIG NO. 3.26 GOOD CONNECTION BETWEEN BITUMINOUS ROAD AND PAVER PAVEMENT …………………………………………………………………… 37
FIG NO. 3.27 TYPICAL SECTION FOR A CONCRETE BASE …………………………… 38
FIG NO. 4.1 COMPARISON OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE BLOCK ………………………………………………………………………. 39
FIG NO. 4.2 COMPARISON CHART OF CONCRETE AND COMPOSITE BLOCK STRENGTH RESULT …………………………………………………………. 42
FIG NO. 4.3 APPARATUS FOR SPLITTING CUBE ………………………………………. 43
FIG NO. 4.4 APPARATUS FOR SPLITTING CYLINDER AND CONCRETE BLOCK PAVERS, CUBES AND PRISMS ……………………………………………… 44
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